оибас 2к.2гр.https://www.blogger.com/blog/page/edit/3102109535883063573/100426186891500189

Tuesday, 20 September 2022

2 year Education

Active Words and Word Combinations

assembly hall актовый зал  

assess [a'ses] v оценивать

credit test зачет

curriculum расписаниеn

attend [a'tend] v посещать

be at the top of the group быть лучшим в группе] n

diploma дипломn

be strong at a subject хорошо успевать

entrance exam вступительный экзамен

excellent отличный

be weak не успевать  a at a subject  по какому-л.

fall behind отставать предмету

call the register отмечать   присутствующих

get a diploma получать диплом

graduate заканчивать v учебное заведение

course  n курс (обучения, лекций)

hostel  n общежитие

make (good) progress делать успехи

make notes делать записи

pass an exam in сдать экзамен

(по какому-л.предмету)

postgraduate выпускник; аспирант

register n журнал

research n исследование

scholarship стипендия

take an exam in сдавать экзамен

term n четверть;семестр

uniform формаn

work by fits and starts заниматься урывками, нерегулярно

work regularly заниматься регулярно

Education in Russia

Children start school at the age of six in Russia. The course of

studies at school is eleven years now: four years of primary school and

seven years of secondary school. Previously it was only ten years: three

years of primary school and seven years of secondary school. Children

under the age of six are taken to creches and nursery schools.

There is a wide choice of schools nowadays: state schools, private

schools, lyceums and gymnasiums. The majority of schools is free of

charge, but in some (usually private ones) parents have to pay for the

education of their children. In ordinary schools parents sometimes pay

for additional subjects in the curriculum, such as a foreign language or

arts. Though it is generally not a demand, most children can already

read and write when they start their school: this makes education much

easier for them.

In primary school there are three or four lessons a day, they usually

are Reading, Writing and Arithmetic. A lesson lasts forty minutes. During

the first term children get used to learning and adapt to school

regulations. Beginning with the second term of the first year at school,

children also take Handicrafts, Drawing, Music and Physical Education.

The list of subjects under study is further extended during the

second, third and fourth years and includes the World History of Arts,

Fundamentals of Security, History, Geography, and others. At primary

schools all lessons are usually conducted by one teacher.

At the age of ten children pass to the second stage of education,

known as secondary school. In secondary school there is a wide variety

of subjects under study, and teachers specialize. The transition from

primary to secondary school is sometimes difficult for children. After

finishing the ninth form and getting the Certificate of Basic Secondary

Education, schoolchildren may either continue their education in the

tenth form, or leave school and go to technical (vocational) schools and

colleges.

After eleven years at school the school leavers take examinations and

get the Certificate of Complete Secondary Education. Those who have

only excellent marks in the Certificate get a gold medal, which gives the

right to enter higher school taking only one examination.

The admission to higher school is competitive and based on the

system of entrance examinations, usually three or four. During the examinations

the school leavers must show their abilities in the chosen

field. Young people also have an option to get specialized secondary

education in vocational schools after leaving the eleventh form.

Among higher educational establishments are institutes (colleges),

academies and universities. The term of studying in higher school is

from four to six years. Students can be involved in scientific research

while studying. At the end of their final year at college, university or

academy they take final examinations and get a diploma. Besides, they

can take postgraduate courses in the chosen field.

Schools in the United Kingdom

Education in the United Kingdom is compulsory from the age of

five to sixteen. Children under five go either to nursery schools, or to

playgroups. Both types of pre-primary educational establishments are

non-state; the difference is that a child spends the whole day in a

nursery school, while he or she can stay in a playgroup only for some

hours a day. Anyway, the main aim of such kind of establishments is to

make the children ready for primary schools. Children play, draw, model

things from clay and learn to work together.

Compulsory education for all children begins at the age of five.

There are 35,000 state schools in Britain. All of them are the responsibility

of the Local Educational Authorities (LEA). The LEA caters for

the curriculum and exams in each region; they also appoint head teachers

and held assessment tests at schools.

Primary school is for children from five to eleven. At first the studies

are more like playing than working; English teachers say that this is the

best way for children to get used to school. Probably they are right:lunchtime.

At the age of eleven pupils go to comprehensive schools. Children

usually wear a uniform; it is different in different schools. They study

Maths, English, Arts, English Literature, Geography, one or two foreign

languages, usually French, Italian or German, PE (Physical Education),

IT (Information Technology), Religion, Science, Biology, Sex Education

and other subjects.

At the end of their studies they take General Certificate of Secondary

Education examinations (GCSE) О-level, and then they either leave

school and start working or continue their studies at school or at college

for two more years. This is called the sixth form at school or the sixth

form college, and the students take only the subjects they need for

entering the university of their choice.

At the age of eighteen they take GCSE А-level. They usually take

three or four А-levels. There are no entrance exams to universities, so

the students can enter a university or a college on the results of their

А-level examinations.

Speaking about education in the UK it is necessary to say that there

is a great difference between state education and private education.

State schools are free, and about ninety per cent of all children attend

them. Private, or public schools are very expensive. These are usually

boarding schools, where children stay while they study, coming home

only on vacations. These schools are for children between thirteen and

eighteen. Before entering a public school children are usually educated

at home. State schools are usually mixed, while private schools are

typically single-sex, with a few exceptions.

Education in the United States

There is no federal educational standard in the USA. Schooling and

educational programmes are the responsibility of each state; this is why

one can find great differences in education from state to state. No

uniform demands exist on education in schools or universities throughout

the nation. In most states attending school is obligatory for children

between six and seventeen. Secondary education institutions include

elementary schools and high schools.

Higher education in the USA is not nation-wide. Colleges differ a

lot from each other in scale and level of education as well as in the

“quality” of diplomas given. There are private and state universities.

Private education is considered more prestigious. The most famous private

university is Harvard. Higher education is rather expensive in the

USA.A typical American university has two levels of education: two years

of undergraduate classes and two more years of graduate classes. The

undergraduate years are called the freshman and the sophomore year.

During the first and the second year the students take subjects of general

education: Science, Humanities, Arts. The specialization begins at

the third and the fourth years, named the junior and the senior year

respectively. After the fourth year at college, students get a Bachelor’s

degree. Graduates may specialize further and do research. They get a

Master’s Degree.

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3-rd year

  Civil and Criminal Law