2 year Human Rights

 

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Human rights

1. the pursuit of human rights – соблюдение прав человека

2. atrocities – злодеяния, зверства

3. human rights violations – нарушение прав человека

4. to that end – для достижения этой цели

5. to take up human rights issues – рассматривать вопросы прав человека

6. high-profile positions – высокие посты

7. indigenous peoples – коренное население

8. populace – население

9. to be afflicted by – пострадать от

1. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.

1. What was the central reason for creating the UN?

2. When was the Universal Declaration of Human rights adopted?

3. What principles enshrined in the Declaration are being implemented by the UN and its agencies?

4. What is the purpose of the United Nations Human Rights Council?

5. What does the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples outline?

6. What does the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples prohibit?

The pursuit of human rights was the central reason for creating the UN, World War II atrocities and genocide led to a ready consensus that the new organization must work to prevent any similar tragedies in the future. An early objective was creating a legal framework for considering and acting on complaints about human rights violations. The UN Charter obliges all member nations to promote “universal respect for, and observance of, “human rights” and to take “joint and separate action” to that end. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, though not legally binding, was adopted by the General Assembly in 1948. The Assembly regularly takes up human rights issues.

The UN and its agencies are implementing the principles enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. A case in point is support by the UN for countries in transition to democracy, technical assistance in providing free and fair elections, improving judicial structures, drafting constitutions, training human rights officials. The UN has helped run elections in countries with little democratic history, including recently in Afghanistan and East Timor. The UN is also a forum to support the right of women to participate fully in the political, economic, and social life of their countries. The UN contributes to raising consciousness of the concept of human rights through its covenants and its attention to specific abuses through its General Assembly, Security Council resolutions, or International Court of Justice rulings.

The purpose of the United Nations Human Rights Council, established in 2006, is to address human rights violations. The Council is the successor to the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, which was often criticised for the high-profile positions it gave to member states that did not guarantee the human rights of their own citizens. The council has 47 members distributed by region, each serve a three year term, and may not serve three consecutive terms. A candidate to the body must be approved by a majority of the General Assembly.

The rights of some 370 million indigenous peoples around the world is also a focus for the UN, with the Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples being approved by the General Assembly in 2007. The declaration outlines the individual and collective rights to culture, language, education, identity, employment and health, thereby addressing post-colonial issues which have confronted indigenous peoples for centuries. The declaration aims to maintain, strengthen and encourage the growth of indigenous institutions, cultures and traditions. It also prohibits discrimination against indigenous peoples and promotes their active participation in matters which concern their past, present and future.

In conjunction with other organizations such as the Red Cross, the UN provides food, drinking water, shelter and other humanitarian services to populaces suffering from famine, displaced by war, or afflicted by other disasters. Major humanitarian branches of the UN are World Food

 

Programme (which helps feed more than 100 million people a year in 80 countries), the office of the High Commissioner for Refugees with projects in over 116 countries, as well as peacekeeping projects in over 24 countries.

2. Соотнесите русские словосочетания с их 1. The United Nations Human Rights Council 2. The United Nations Commission on Human Rights 3. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 4. The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 5. The Red Cross 6. World Food Programme 7. The High Commissioner for Refugees 8. Rule of law

английскими эквивалентами. a) господство права b) Декларация о правах коренного населения c) Совет ООН по правам человека d) Красный Крест e) Всемирная Продовольственная Программа f) Комиссар ООН по вопросам беженцев g) Комиссия ООН по правам человека h) Декларация прав человека

3. Определите, справедливы данные высказывания или нет. Исправьте неверные утверждения.

1. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted by the Security Council in 1945.

2. The UN Charter obliges all member nations to promote respect for and observance of human rights.

3. The UN does not support the rights of women.

4. The UN Human Rights Council was established in 2000.

5. The UN Commission on Human Rights was criticized for not taking up human rights issues regularly.

6. The Declaration of Human Rights of Indigenous Peoples does not promote the active participation in matters which concern their life

 

4. Прочитайте первые 10 статей Декларации прав человека. Вставьте в предложения пропущенные слова из рамки.

The Declaration of Human Rights сharge, detention, discrimination, exile, freedoms, law, liberty, punishment, race, remedy, rights, slavery, tribunal, free

Article 1

All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights.

Article 2

Everyone is entitled to all the rights and _________________ set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as _________________, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.

Article 3

Everyone has the right to life, ________________ and security of person.

Article 4

No one shall be held in __________ or servitude; slavery and the slave and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.

Article 5

No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or ____________ .

Article 6

Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the ________________ .

Article 7

All are equal before the law and are entitled without any ________________ to equal protection of the law.

Article 8

Everyone has the right to an effective ______________ by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law.

Article 9

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, __________________ or ____________ .

Article 10

Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial _______________, in the determination of his ______________ and obligations and of any criminal ____________ against him.

5. Найдите в правой колонке колонки   1) race 2) political 3) slavery 4) constitution 5) detention 6) tribunals 7) violation 8) liberty 9) fundamental 10) equal 11) rights 12) conscience 13) entitled 14) obligations 15) degrading 16) impartial 17) jurisdictional

определения к словам из левой колонки.   a) the same (adjective) b) the things that you should be allowed to have (noun) c) a feeling you have that you have done right or wrong (noun) d) to have the right to do or have something (verb) e) difference (noun) f) a group of people with distinct physical characteristics or culture (noun) g) referring to government or party politics (adjective) h) having the legal power over someone or something (adjective) i) the act of limiting something (noun) j) the situation of being free (noun) k) the situation of being a person who belongs to someone and works for them without payment (noun) l) the situation of having to work very hard for someone, usually in poor conditions and with very time or no pay (noun) m) the buying and selling of people against their will (noun: 2 words) n) to say that something must not happen (verb)

6. Ниже приведены статьи 11-20 Декларации прав человека. Прочитайте и в каждой статье выделите ключевую фразу, отражающую содержание статьи.

Article 11

(1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he/she has had all the guarantees necessary for his/her defence.

(2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.

Article 12

No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his/her privacy, family home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his/her honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks.

Article 13

(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state.

(2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his/her own, and to return to his/her country.

Article 14

(1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution

(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Article 15

(1) Everyone has the right to a nationality.

(2) No one shall be arbitrary deprived of his/her nationality nor denied the right to charge his/her nationality.

Article 16

(1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, and at its dissolution.

(2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.

(3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and state.

Article 17

(1) Everyone has the right to own property alone, as well as in association with others.

(2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his/her property.

Article 18

Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion: this right includes freedom to change his/her religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his/her religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.

Article 19

Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression, this right includes freedom to hold opinions interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers.

Article 20

(1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association.

(2) No one shall be compelled to belong to an association.

 

7. Ниже приведены статьи 21-30 Декларации прав человека. В правой колонке дается краткое содержание статей. Найдите их полную версию в левой колонке.

Article 21 Everyone has the right to take part in their country’s political affairs either by belonging to the government themselves or by choosing politicians who have the same ideas as them. Elections should take place regularly and voting should be a secret. Every adult should have the right to vote and all votes should be equal. Article 22 The society in which you live should help you to develop and to make the most of all the advantages (culture, work, social welfare) which are offered to you. Article 23 Every adult has the right to a job, and to receive a salary that can support him/her and his/her family. Men and women should get

Freedom from interference in all of the above rights. Right to desirable work and to join trade unions. Right to rest and leisure.

 

paid the same amount of money for doing the same job. Anyone can join a trade union. Article 24 Everyone should have the right to rest from work and to take regular paid holidays. Article 25 Everyone has the right to a good life, with enough food, clothing, housing and healthcare. You should be helped if you are out of work, if you are ill, if you are old or if your husband or wife is dead. Women who are going to have a baby should receive special help. All children should have the same rights, whether their mother is married or unmarried. Article 26 Everyone has the right to go to school and should go to school. Primary schooling should be free. Everyone should be able to learn a profession or continue their studies as far as people. Every-one others from different races and backgrounds. Parents should have the right to choose how and what their children lean. Article 27 Everyone should have the right to share in their community`s arts and sciences. Works by artists, writers or scientists, should be protected benefit from them. Article 28 There should be an order to protect your rights. It should be both local and worldwide Article 29 Everyone should have duties to other people. Human rights should be observed and protected by everyone in a spirit of mutual respect Article 30 Nobody should take away these rights and freedoms from us.

Right to adequate living standards. Right to social security. Duty to preserve other people’s rights and freedoms. Right to education. Free elections and the right to participate in government Right to participate in the cultural life of the community. Right to peace and other.

 

8. Назовите, какие статьи Декларации прав человека нарушены в приведенных ниже ситуациях.

1. Children between the age of 5 and 11 have to go to school, but their parents must pay for it.

2. A man has his house broken into and his television stolen. He goes to the police but they tell him to go away because they have more important things to do.

3. Archie White, a magistrate, has his car stolen. The police arrest and charge the man they think is responsible. The next day the man is taken to court for an initial hearing. The chairman of the justices (the head magistrate) in the courtroom is Archie White. He tells the members of the public that they have to leave the courtroom.

4. Staff employed by Kaput Computers have to start work at 7 in the morning and work until 7 in the evening, with only a half hour break for lunch. They work from Monday to Saturday, and do not get paid leave.

5. A couple wants to have a baby. The government says that the country is overpopulated and tells them that they cannot have a baby yet.

6. A new government tells all public servants that they have to become a member of their

7. John Doe is arrested because the police think he has killed someone. Before his trial has begun, a popular newspaper publishes an article about him (complete with photographs of his arrest) with the headline “Vicious murderer John Doe caught!”

8. Two friends, one white and one black, have been threatened with violence. They go to the police to ask for protection. The police agree to help the white man, but not the black man.

9. A journalist writes a newspaper article explaining why he opposes his country`s foreign policy. He is told by the government that he has become persona non-grata, he must leave the country immediately and never return.

10. A woman who lives in a capital city wants to visit her sick father, who lives 200 km away. She is told that she cannot leave the city to visit him.

11. A poor man murders someone and is sent to prison. A rich man commits a murder in similar circumstances but is allowed to go free.

12. A robber is sent to prison for 5 years. While he is in prison, the government confiscates all his belongings, and then destroys his house.

13. A man travels to another country where he asks to stay because he is frightened of remaining in his home country. He is immediately sent back to the country he came from.

14. The Republic of Istanata has never given women the right to vote.

15. At a party, a woman tells a group of friends that she thinks the government of her country is corrupt and incompetent. The next day she is arrested and never seen again.

16. A newspaper editor dislikes a famous popular actress, he publishes an article about her. The article describes the actress as ‘ugly, stupid and unable to act.’

17. A group of about 200 people hold a meeting in a public building to discuss their government’s policies. The police arrive and arrest them all.

18. The government intercepts, opens and reads one of their key opponent’s letters and other mail.

19. A famous political author writes a book criticizing the police. She then leaves her home to go on a tour to promote her book. While she is away, the police start harassing her husband and children.

20. A husband and wife get divorced. The law in their country says that in any divorce case the man automatically gets custody of the children.

21. A woman joins a trade union. The company she works for discovers this and immediately dismisses her.

22. A man loses his job and cannot find work. His country does not offer financial support for people who are out of work.

23. A 17-year-old boy murders someone a few days before his 18th birthday. He is arrested, and six months later the case goes to court. His country has the death penalty for murder if the murderer is 18 or over. The judge sentences him to death and he is executed.

24. A policeman does not like the look of a young man sitting on a park bench, so arrests him, takes him to the police station and puts him in a police cell.

25. The police suspect that a man is a member of a terrorist organization. They hit him, deprive him of food, water and sleep, and burn him with cigarettes until he confesses.

26. A poor man borrows money from a wealthy factory owner. He is unable to pay the money back. The factory owner takes the man’s 12 year-old son and makes him work in the factory to pay off the debt.

27. A new government closes all the churches, temples, mosques and synagogues in its country, and forbids anyone from attending services there.

28. A family want to take a holiday abroad, and apply for passports. They are told that they cannot have passports and cannot go abroad.

29. Mr. Smith and Ms Jones do exactly the same job for the same company. They have the same qualifications and the same experience. Mr. Smith receives $35000 a year, and Ms. Jones receives $28000 a year.